For nearly forty years, such less arbitrary design has had the name Permaculture. It holds considerable promise for enabling and supporting necessary shifts. The interested and the initiated can mingle here.
The industrial system developed a narrow focus definition of efficiency we call economies of scale . . . which are really only efficient when you measure from the purchase of inputs to the sale of outputs and leave out everything that happens before and after. Permaculture teaches a broader focus definition of efficiency that I call economies of integration, in which we design for internal cycles of production and consumption each supporting other functions.
Design That's Life Enhancing AND Life Affirming (Permaculture)
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For nearly forty years, such less arbitrary design has had the name Permaculture. It holds considerable promise for enabling and supporting necessary shifts. The interested and the initiated can mingle here.
Economies of Integration
by David Eggleton
Nov 18, 2011
David Braden of Applewood Permaculture Institute elsewhere wrote: